74 articles in this category
A buyout is rarely financed in cash: you stack contribution, senior debt, sometimes a vendor loan and mezzanine around an acquisition holding. Here is how to size each tier so you don't choke the target.
Financing an SCI's property purchase requires a down payment, a loan repaid by rents and a suitable guarantee (mortgage, statutory lender's mortgage or surety). Method, IR/IS trade-off and points of vigilance.
Bpifrance guarantees share the bank's risk from 40 to 70% depending on the operation. Coverage per project, SME eligibility, real cost, timing and protection of your personal assets, read by a chartered accountant.
Subscribing to an SME's capital gives an 18% income-tax reduction, raised to 25% (ESUS), 30% (JEI), 40% (JEII) and 50% (JEIR). Caps, multi-year envelope, lost carry-forward and real 2026 arbitrages.
Professional microcredit finances the small projects banks turn away. Cap raised to 17,000 euros by the December 2024 decree, Adie loan, honour loan, a relative's surety and free support: what to know in 2026, and how to place it in a financing plan.
ACRE is markedly tightened on 1 January 2026: mandatory application within 60 days, a 3-year waiting period, and a micro exemption halved from July. The national NACRE has given way to regional schemes. The point for an accurate forecast.
A bank accepts or refuses a business loan on a fairly stable grid of criteria: repayment capacity, down payment, guarantees, business plan, history and scoring. Here is how to prepare each criterion for an accepted file in 2026.
The Bpifrance growth loan finances development projects, especially intangibles, with no guarantee or personal surety. Amounts, term, deferral, refusal criteria and how it combines with the bank loan.
The participatory loan is a subordinated debt recorded in account 1675 yet treated as quasi-equity: it strengthens your ratios without diluting capital. The Relance scheme, however, has been closed since the end of 2023. Comparison, worked case and watch points.
CIR, C3IV, French Tech Grant, BPI Innovation Loan, EIC Accelerator, France 2030, ADEME, FEDER: Hayot Expertise in Paris maps every public innovation funding scheme available in 2026 for startups, SMEs and industrial companies, with practical cases and cumulation rules.
Overdraft, revolving credit, Dailly assignment, factoring, reverse factoring, revenue-based financing, Bpifrance: a complete comparison of working capital financing solutions in France for 2026, with three practical cases and key pitfalls to avoid.
From love money to Series A: understanding the stages, French market median valuations for 2026, the term sheet clauses that truly matter, and the mistakes that cost founders cap table percentage.
LBO, mezzanine, unitranche, PIK Notes, covenant-lite: a complete anatomy of leveraged finance in France in 2026 — debt pyramid, coverage ratios, Article 212 bis CGI, worked example on a EUR 50m SME, key players and pitfalls. Analysis by Cabinet Hayot Expertise, Paris.
Bank loans, BPI France, venture capital, crowdfunding, mezzanine debt, honour loans, leasing, factoring: this overview compares the main financing sources available in France in 2026, their costs, eligibility criteria and the trade-offs to consider based on your business profile.
Complete guide to WACC calculation in France: formula, cost of equity via CAPM, beta Hamada, typical ranges by company profile (SME 8-13%, startup 15-25%), DCF application and common mistakes. Analysis by Cabinet Hayot Expertise, Paris.
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