VIES: check an intra-community VAT number

Check the intra-community VAT number on VIES, the European Commission's official search engine, before the dispatch begins, and keep the result for six years (LPF, art. L102 B). If the number is invalid at the date of the transaction, the supply must be subject to French VAT (BOI-TVA-CHAMP-30-20-10, § 100). VIES queries national registers and certifies nothing beyond that validity.

VIES is the official tool of the European Commission to check whether an intra-community VAT number is valid at the time of consultation. The stake is not cosmetic: since 1 January 2020, the VAT exemption of an intra-community supply requires the customer to be identified for VAT in another Member State and to have communicated that number to the seller before the dispatch begins (article 262 ter, I, 1° of the French Tax Code, from Directive (EU) 2018/1910; BOI-TVA-CHAMP-30-20-10, § 100 on the timing). It does not replace commercial supporting documents, but it secures an invoice, a purchase or an EU delivery, provided that the proof is archived and rechecked in case of doubt.

VIES stands for VAT Information Exchange System. It is a search system, not a standalone database. It queries the national registers of Member States to find out if a number is valid, sometimes associated with a name or an address depending on the country consulted.

This point is important: a positive result does not alone prove that the entire operation is perfectly secure. It simply indicates that the number is recognized at the time of the check. Conversely, a negative result does not always mean that a partner is acting in bad faith; this could be an update delay, a simple entry error or a number not yet activated for intra-EU transactions.

What the check establishes, and what it does not#

The limit is structural, and the Commission acknowledges it: the data comes from national databases over which it has no control, and it cannot verify, correct, add or delete a national VAT registration number. VIES certifies the state of a national register at a given moment, nothing more. That is exactly what makes the record of the check indispensable.

Verification is simple, but it must become a team reflex. The correct process consists of five steps.

1. Identify the Member State of the partner. 2. Enter the number exactly as it was communicated. 3. Run the verification on the official VIES portal, entering your own VAT number as well: VIES then returns a time-stamped consultation number (the requestIdentifier field of the Commission's official service). 4. Save that consultation number in the file, far more solid than a plain screenshot. 5. Repeat the check if the partner changes address, number or billing scheme.

The last point is often forgotten. A company that regularly invoices a European customer should not check once at startup and then completely forget about the subject for two years. A periodic check is more prudent, especially if the amounts are high or if the VAT file is sensitive.

We must treat the result methodically, not with panic. The most common cases are simple: typing error, national number not activated for intra-EU operations, synchronization mismatch between the local base and VIES, or more rarely a truly invalid number.

The official message from the Commission is clear: if the number does not come up, you must request additional information at national level, and, in case of emergency, contact the local tax administration. This step is useful when the operation must be invoiced without delay.

The tax consequence, text by text#

Since 1 January 2020, the customer's VAT number is no longer a mere formal mention: it is a substantive condition of the exemption.

The tax authority sets an obligation of result on validity: the seller must satisfy itself of the existence and the validity of the VAT identification number communicated by the customer. VIES is not imposed as the only means, but it is the official and free one. The other conditions of the exemption, including proof of transport and the recapitulative statement, belong to the regime itself: they are covered in our article on intra-community VAT in 2026.

VIES validation does not replace the commercial and fiscal logic of the file. It is added to the other documents: contract, purchase orders, proof of transport, proof of delivery, email exchanges, customer identity and invoicing conditions.

For an intra-EU sale of goods, retaining the capture or PDF of the VIES result strengthens the evidentiary record. For the supply of services, the check is not merely prudent: Article 18(1)(a) of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 282/2011 allows the supplier to treat a customer established in the Union as a taxable person once that customer has communicated its VAT number and the supplier obtains confirmation of the validity of that number together with the associated name and address. That is exactly what VIES delivers. In both cases, the document must be easy to find.

Hayot Expertise advice: carry out the VIES verification before the dispatch or transport begins, never at invoicing time, then archive it with the transaction documents. On the day of the check, the speed of retrieval of the file matters almost as much as the result itself.

VIES is only one link in the chain, but it is a mandatory one: the French tax authority requires the seller to satisfy itself of the existence and the validity of the VAT identification number communicated by the customer, and that number must have been communicated before the dispatch or transport begins (BOI-TVA-CHAMP-30-20-10, § 100). It does not tell you if the goods have actually circulated, if the service has been provided, whether the customer is genuinely a taxable person acting as such, or whether your invoice carries all the required mentions.

This is particularly true when the operation mixes several dimensions: sale of goods, digital service, subcontracting, chain delivery or multi-country invoicing. In these cases, the valid VAT number does not solve everything. It is still necessary to verify the logic of the operation and the supporting documents.

The best use of VIES is operational. This should not be an isolated reflex, but an integrated step in your invoicing chain.

• The sales or purchasing department identifies the partner's country.
• The manager checks the number before validating the quote or order.
• The accounting assistant or the firm archives the proof in the file.
• The VAT manager rechecks strategic partners at regular intervals.

This method is particularly useful if you deal with a lot of intra-community flows, if you have an ERP or if you manage several European subsidiaries. It avoids impromptu checks at the last minute.

Example 1: sale to a German customer#

You invoice a B2B service to a German company. The VIES number is valid, you have the proof recorded and the contractual file is complete. The VAT treatment can be defended much more easily, because the verification was done properly and on time.

Example 2: Spanish supplier with invalid number#

Your supplier sends you a number which does not come back. You don't jump to the conclusion that it's fraudulent, but you ask for confirmation and keep track of the check. Until the point is clarified, you do not treat the file as if everything was perfectly secure.

Example 3: valid number but poorly documented file#

The number appears valid, but you have neither a clear purchase order, nor proof of delivery, nor order history. The VIES check is useful, but it does not save an incomplete file. You always have to think as a whole.

• verify without retaining the proof;
• confuse a national number and a number activated for intra-EU transactions;
• think that a valid result alone is sufficient;
• forget to recheck recurring partners;
• treat an invalid number as a purely administrative detail.

In practice, it is often the documentary discipline that makes the difference. A good VIES file is above all a file found quickly, not just a number that responded well on a given day.

The correct answer is: not only when you have a doubt. You must check as soon as a transaction goes beyond the purely domestic framework, as soon as a new European partner enters into contact with your company or as soon as a customer gives you a number that you have never dealt with.

At the first commercial relationship#

The first quote or order is the right time to test. You know immediately if the file can be processed in intra-community B2B or if you need to request details before issuing the invoice.

When the partner becomes recurring#

Many businesses check once when starting out, then forget about it for months. This is a classic error. A number may remain the same, but its status may change or an update may create a discrepancy between the national register and VIES. A periodic control is therefore safer on strategic customers or suppliers.

When the number changes or a new seat appears#

A change of address, a merger, a new business entity or an invoice sent by another branch must trigger a new verification. The right reflex is to link the VIES control to the real life cycle of the commercial relationship, not to a simple administrative buffer.

The best use of VIES is not isolated. It connects to invoicing, purchasing, CRM or ERP. The objective is simple: to prevent an unverified number from circulating until the final document.

An effective work pattern may look like this:

1. the salesperson or buyer enters the partner's contact details; 2. a VIES check is carried out before validation of the quote or purchase order; 3. the proof is recorded in the customer or supplier file; 4. the billing includes this information without unnecessary re-entry; 5. A recheck is planned for high-volume partners.

The shorter the circuit, the less room for errors. And the more evidence is indexed in the file, the easier it is to find during an audit.

The VIES status alone is not enough if the other pieces are weak. An invoice without a contract, a delivery without a transport voucher or a poorly described service remain fragile even if the number is valid. This is where many files become complicated: the control of the number is good, but the economic proof does not follow.

For a sale of goods, you must be able to follow the documentary chain. For the provision of services, you must be able to demonstrate the nature of the service and the link with the client. For a digital flow or a marketplace, even more rigor is required on the quality of the file and on the entity actually invoiced.

A good internal procedure often consists of a few very concrete instructions:

• always check the number before the first invoice;
• keep the proof in PDF or dated capture format;
• never consider a "probably good" number as sufficient;
• request written confirmation if the number does not appear;
• alert the office as soon as an atypical case appears.

This simplicity is an advantage. It allows sales and accounting teams to work quickly without sacrificing compliance.

On the day of a check, the question is not only whether you checked. The real question is whether you can demonstrate it quickly. Proof recorded in the file, linked to the invoice and the date of the operation, is worth much more than a memory check carried out six months earlier.

It is also a question of internal control. A company that knows how to show its process inspires trust. It proves that it does not deal with intra-community VAT on intuition, but with a stable method.

• the check is carried out by a person, but the proof is never archived;
• the number is copied without being rechecked during contract renewals;
• we treat any foreign number as if it were necessarily valid in VIES.

These mistakes are rarely spectacular, but they have a cost. They require you to go back to the files and correct them after the fact, whereas a good habit would have been enough to avoid friction.

The gain is not only fiscal. It is also operational. A reliable VIES procedure simplifies invoicing, reduces reminder exchanges, gives more assurance to the sales department and relieves the accounting firm. It is therefore a small check which avoids major losses of time.

VIES must be thought of as a point of passage in a documentary chain, not as a simple consultation tool. The earlier you plug it in the process, the cleaner, readable and defensible your VAT file remains.

We can help you formalize a simple VAT validation procedure for your European customers and suppliers.

Discover our VAT and compliance support

In 2026, checking an intra-community VAT number via VIES remains a simple, quick and very useful action. The real best practice is not just to verify, but to document the verification and integrate it into a broader process. This is what makes your VAT treatment more defensible and easier to reread months later.

Do you often invoice or buy in the European Union? We can make your VIES procedure and your VAT treatment more reliable.

(Official sources: Your Europe and European Commission for VIES, Entreprendre.Service-Public for invoice details)